Насколько реальная реакция Фриделя Крафтса с ипользованием катализатор амальгамы алюминия?

[Игорь Михайлович]

Имеется статья где говорится что он даже превосходит хлорид алюминия, и не даёт смолянистых побочных продуктов.

The Use of Amalgamated Aluminum as a Catalyst in the Friedel and Crafts Reaction

It has been shown by the writer(1) that a series of alkylbenzenes could be prepared via Friedel and Crafts procedure using amalgamated aluminum catalyst. Isolated examples of the use of amalgamated aluminum or aluminum have been reported but no systematic investigation under carefully controlled conditions in which the structure and yields of products were carefully established has been carried out.(2) The identity and yields of principal products obtained were carefully established and by using this catalyst in the alkylation type reaction it was shown that the alkylbenzenes could be prepared in general with less rearrangement, formation of tars, disproportionation and dimerization than by the use of aluminum chloride in the usual Friedel and Crafts alkylation reaction.
The following series of alkylbenzenes and also s-butyl-a-naphthalene were prepared in good yields : ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, s-butylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, and s-butyl-a-naphthalene.

Synthesis of Alkylbenzenes

Six hundred cc. of thiophene free-benzene was placed in a liter round-bottom flask and 100 cc. distilled off to thoroughly dry the benzene and the flask. One hundred cc.of the dry benzene was mixed with 1 mole of the alkyl chloride and set aside in a stoppered bottle until ready for use. The liter flask was fitted with a 250-cc. graduated dropping funnel and a reflux condenser with a hydrogen chloride absorption device(3) connected to the lop of the condenser through a calcium chloride tube. The activated aluminum catalyst(4) was added to the benzene in the reaction flask, the dropping funnel and condenser placed in position and the chloride-benzene mixture poured into the dropping funnel. A calcium chloride tube was inserted in the top of the funnel and about 25 cc. of the chloride solution allowed to run into the flask a t room temperature. The reaction ordinarily began immediately. After the evolution of hydrogen chloride began to subside, the addtion of the chloride solution was continued at the rate of 1cc. per min. This maintained a fairly vigorous evolution of gas. About four hours were required for the addition after which the reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight. If any moisture was present a flocculent precipitate of aluminum hydroxide formed and heating was necessary to start the reaction. After the completion of the reaction the solution was a reddish brown color and a small brown oily layer about the thickness of the catalyst was present in the bottom of the flask. After the decomposition with dilute hydrochloric acid approximately one-half of the unreacted aluminum catalyst was present. After standing overnight, the reaction was heated to gentle refluxing for five to ten minutes, cooled and washed with a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid and with water twice. The benzene layer was separated and dried over calcium chloride for distillation.
           Separation and purification of the alkylbenzenes was accomplished by means of fractional distillation using a highly efficient column 60 X 1 cm. inside dimensions. The column(5) was packed with glass helices, and fitted with a partial take off type distillation head. A column6 with a similar packed section 41 X 1 cm. has been found by Fenske to have an efficiency of 11-12 plates. The inner tube containing the packings was surrounded by an electric heater which was in turn enclosedin a Pyrex vacuum jacket. Solid p-acetamino derivatives of some of the alkylbenzenes were prepared according to the procedure of Ipatieff and Schmerling.(6)
              In conclusion, amalgamated aluminum has been shown to have certain decided advantages over aluminum chloride in alkylation reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons. (a) Higher yields of the desired product are obtained in most cases than those cited in literature using aluminum chloride(7). (b) The reaction proceeds smoothly with the formation of smaller amounts of rearranged products and tars(8). (c) The use of this catalyst affords certain manipulative advantages. 1. Temperature remains fairly constant during the entire reaction and the use of the catalyst simplifies experimental procedures. 2. Reaction may be allowed to proceed overnight without observation.

(1) Research work completed under the supervision of Dr. W, T.
Miller, Cornell University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Master of Science (Thesis, 1939).
(2) Boeseken and Bastet, Rec. trav. chim., 32, 184 (1914); von Korczynski, Ber., 35, 868 (1902); Radziewanowski, ibid., 28, 1135(1895).
(3) H. Gilman, “Organic Syntheses,” Vol. 14, p. 2.
(4) The amalgamated aluminum catalyst was prepared by Washing 2 g. of granulated Aluminum metal (30 mesh) with dilute sodium hydroxide and water, then treating with 10 cc. of a 5% solution of mercuric chloride in a test-tube for two to three minutes. Small globules of mercury were visible on the surface of the aluminum after this treatment. The supernatant liquid was poured off and the catalyst washed with water, two 5-m. portions of ethyl alcohol, and several portions of dry benzene. Alternately, the benzene could be distilled from the catalyst to ensure absolutely anhydrous conditions. To activate this amalgam 3 cc. of an equal volume of the alkyl chloride to be used in the preparation was added to the amalgam in a test-tube, warmed if necessary to start the reaction and allowed to react until the gas evolution slowed down, then added quickly to the reaction flask. The activated catalyst must be used immediately.
(5) Fenske, Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 1213 (1934).
(6) Ipatieff and Schmerling, J . Chem. Soc., 59, 1056 (1937).
(7) Schreiner, J . prakt. Chem., 81, 558 (1910); Bert, Ber., 36,
3086 (1903); Radziewanowski, ibid., 28, 1137 (1895); 33, 439 (1900),
Boedtker, Bull. Soc. Chim., 45, 647 (1929); 25, 844 (1901); 31, 966
(1904); Chem. Zentr., VIII, 12, 1112 (1904).
(8) Calloway, Chem. Rev., 17, 327 (1935); Read, THIS JOURNAL,
49, 3153 (1927); 48, 1606 (1926); Wagner, Ber., 11, 1251 (1878).

 

[avg]

 Вполне реально, только алюминий здесь является реагентом

[ash111]

16 минут назад, avg сказал:

 Вполне реально, только алюминий здесь является реагентом

В смысле? Фенилалюминий чтоли?

[ash111]

30 минут назад, Игорь Михайлович сказал:

Имеется статья где говорится что он даже превосходит хлорид алюминия, и не даёт смолянистых побочных продуктов.

The Use of Amalgamated Aluminum as a Catalyst in the Friedel and Crafts Reaction

It has been shown by the writer(1) that a series of alkylbenzenes could be prepared via Friedel and Crafts procedure using amalgamated aluminum catalyst. Isolated examples of the use of amalgamated aluminum or aluminum have been reported but no systematic investigation under carefully controlled conditions in which the structure and yields of products were carefully established has been carried out.(2) The identity and yields of principal products obtained were carefully established and by using this catalyst in the alkylation type reaction it was shown that the alkylbenzenes could be prepared in general with less rearrangement, formation of tars, disproportionation and dimerization than by the use of aluminum chloride in the usual Friedel and Crafts alkylation reaction.
The following series of alkylbenzenes and also s-butyl-a-naphthalene were prepared in good yields : ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, s-butylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, and s-butyl-a-naphthalene.

Synthesis of Alkylbenzenes

Six hundred cc. of thiophene free-benzene was placed in a liter round-bottom flask and 100 cc. distilled off to thoroughly dry the benzene and the flask. One hundred cc.of the dry benzene was mixed with 1 mole of the alkyl chloride and set aside in a stoppered bottle until ready for use. The liter flask was fitted with a 250-cc. graduated dropping funnel and a reflux condenser with a hydrogen chloride absorption device(3) connected to the lop of the condenser through a calcium chloride tube. The activated aluminum catalyst(4) was added to the benzene in the reaction flask, the dropping funnel and condenser placed in position and the chloride-benzene mixture poured into the dropping funnel. A calcium chloride tube was inserted in the top of the funnel and about 25 cc. of the chloride solution allowed to run into the flask a t room temperature. The reaction ordinarily began immediately. After the evolution of hydrogen chloride began to subside, the addtion of the chloride solution was continued at the rate of 1cc. per min. This maintained a fairly vigorous evolution of gas. About four hours were required for the addition after which the reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight. If any moisture was present a flocculent precipitate of aluminum hydroxide formed and heating was necessary to start the reaction. After the completion of the reaction the solution was a reddish brown color and a small brown oily layer about the thickness of the catalyst was present in the bottom of the flask. After the decomposition with dilute hydrochloric acid approximately one-half of the unreacted aluminum catalyst was present. After standing overnight, the reaction was heated to gentle refluxing for five to ten minutes, cooled and washed with a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid and with water twice. The benzene layer was separated and dried over calcium chloride for distillation

(1) Research work completed under the supervision of Dr. W, T.
Miller, Cornell University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for

 

Ссылку на саму статью не судьба приложить? Она 1941 года, с одним автором, ни ямр, ни выходов, ни селективности, ни субстратов, может они в статье есть но как я об этом узнаю? И даже если оно работает, серьезно, оно вам пригодится?

[avg]

9 минут назад, ash111 сказал:

В смысле? Фенилалюминий чтоли?

Аl просто реагирует с НСl и получается тот же АlCl3

[aversun]

7 минут назад, ash111 сказал:

Ссылку на саму статью не судьба приложить? Она 1941 года, с одним автором, ни ямр, ни выходов, ни селективности, ни субстратов, может они в статье есть но как я об этом узнаю? И даже если оно работает, серьезно, оно вам пригодится?

Diuguid, L. I. (1941). The Use of Amalgamated Aluminum as a Catalyst in the Friedel and Crafts Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 63(12), 3527–3529. doi:10.1021/ja01857a507 

https://sci-hub.ren/10.1021/ja01857a507

[ash111]

1 минуту назад, aversun сказал:

Diuguid, L. I. (1941). The Use of Amalgamated Aluminum as a Catalyst in the Friedel and Crafts Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 63(12), 3527–3529. doi:10.1021/ja01857a507 

https://sci-hub.ren/10.1021/ja01857a507

Да я нашел, просто почему автор треда этого не сделал

4 минуты назад, avg сказал:

Аl просто реагирует с НСl и получается тот же АlCl3

Да, про продувание HCl я не увидел чето. Тогда вообще неинтересно.

[Игорь Михайлович]

13 минут назад, ash111 сказал:

Ссылку на саму статью не судьба приложить? Она 1941 года, с одним автором, ни ямр, ни выходов, ни селективности, ни субстратов, может они в статье есть но как я об этом узнаю? И

Изменено 20 Июня, 2020 в 09:59 пользователем Игорь Михайлович

[ash111]

И непонятно в чем понт и почему результаты какието другие чем с AlCl3. Там чтоли образуется HAlCl4 которая помягче кислота льюиса чем AlCl3?

1 минуту назад, Игорь Михайлович сказал:

вроде номер статьи,

JACS 63,3527(1941)

Того сайта где я нашел это вроде нет. Понятия не имею где взять ссылки на оригинал статьи

Да вон кинули уже вам ссылку

[avg]

7 минут назад, ash111 сказал:

И непонятно в чем понт 

Имхо единственный плюс - не возиться с AlCl3